![]() ![]() Gradually, the sense developed among chemists that a number of substances were chemically related to benzene, comprising a diverse chemical family. Four years later, Mansfield began the first industrial-scale production of benzene, based on the coal-tar method. In 1845, Charles Blachford Mansfield, working under August Wilhelm von Hofmann, isolated benzene from coal tar. Kekulé's 1872 modification of his 1865 theory, illustrating rapid alternation of double bonds In 1836, the French chemist Auguste Laurent named the substance "phène" this word has become the root of the English word " phenol", which is hydroxylated benzene, and " phenyl", the radical formed by abstraction of a hydrogen atom ( free radical H In 1833, Eilhard Mitscherlich produced it by distilling benzoic acid (from gum benzoin) and lime. Michael Faraday first isolated and identified benzene in 1825 from the oily residue derived from the production of illuminating gas, giving it the name bicarburet of hydrogen. The hydrocarbon derived from benzoic acid thus acquired the name benzin, benzol, or benzene. An acidic material was derived from benzoin by sublimation, and named "flowers of benzoin", or benzoic acid. ![]() The word " benzene" derives from " gum benzoin" ( benzoin resin), an aromatic resin known since ancient times in Southeast Asia and later to European pharmacists and perfumers in the 16th century via trade routes. Although benzene is a major industrial chemical, it finds limited use in consumer items because of its toxicity. It is used primarily as a precursor to the manufacture of chemicals with more complex structure, such as ethylbenzene and cumene, of which billions of kilograms are produced annually. Benzene is a colorless and highly flammable liquid with a sweet smell, and is partially responsible for the aroma of gasoline. Due to the cyclic continuous pi bonds between the carbon atoms, benzene is classed as an aromatic hydrocarbon. It is one of the elementary petrochemicals. īenzene is a natural constituent of petroleum. Because it contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms, benzene is classed as a hydrocarbon. The benzene molecule is composed of six carbon atoms joined in a planar ring with one hydrogen atom attached to each. Benzene is an organic chemical compound with the molecular formula C 6H 6. ![]()
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